Abstract: This case report describes the orthodontic management of a 15-year-old patient with a Class II Division 2 malocclusion using utility arch and a fixed functional appliance. The treatment aimed to correct the deep overbite, retroclined upper incisors and mandibular retrusion. A fixed functional appliance (Forsus™ Fatigue Resistant Device) was used following initial leveling and alignment. Post-treatment results demonstrated correction of the Class II skeletal and dental relationships, improved facial profile, and stable occlusal outcome.

Abstract: A clinician working in the head neck region might often encounter patients with foreign bodies embedded within the hard/soft tissues of the region. The maxillofacial region is an anatomically complex region with multiple tissue types, anatomical cavities, and potential tissue spaces. Foreign body impaction due to trauma or of iatrogenic origin might cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and suppuration. Such patients might remain unaware of the presence of such foreign bodies as a cause of their predicament for many years. Here, we describe the case of a patient with a metallic fragment lodged in the facial soft tissues secondary to an industrial accident.

Abstract: Generalized spacing in adults presents both esthetic and functional challenges, often leading patients to seek orthodontic correction primarily for cosmetic improvement. Conventional labial appliances, though effective, may not be acceptable to many adult patients concerned about appliance visibility. Introduction of Lingual orthodontics in 1970s by Dr. Craven Kurz and Dr. Kinya Fujita offers an esthetic alternative, enabling effective tooth movement while maintaining complete appliance concealment. This article shows a case report of treated generalised spacing with lingual technique

Abstract: Class II Division 2 malocclusion is a specific dental anomaly characterized by a distinct arrangement of the upper and lower teeth. In this condition, the upper first molars are positioned more anteriorly compared to the lower first molars, similar to Class II Division 1 malocclusion. However, a key differentiating feature of Class II Division 2 is the retroclination of the upper central incisors, often accompanied by the proclination of the upper lateral incisors. This case report demonstrates the use of an utility arch as an effective and efficient method for enhancing the smile in patients with Class II Division 2 malocclusion. After treatment with utility arch, sagittal correction was done by placing fixed functional appliance.

Abstract: Background: Oroantral communications (OACs) are pathological connections between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus, often following extraction of maxillary posterior teeth. Untreated OACs may epithelialize into oroantral fistulas (OAFs), causing chronic sinusitis and nasal regurgitation. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male presented with chronic oroantral fistula and recurrent sinusitis following traumatic extraction and failed buccal flap closure. Preoperative sinus management included antral lavage and decongestants. Surgical closure was performed using a modified palatal transposition flap that avoided mobilization of the greater palatine artery. Results: Postoperative healing was uneventful, with complete closure of the defect and resolution of sinus symptoms at 3 months. Conclusion: This vascular-sparing palatal flap modification offers a reliable, technically simpler, and less morbid option for closure of small-to-moderate OACs while preserving vestibular depth and flap vascularity.

Abstract: Unicystic Ameloblastoma (UA) is a rare odontogenic tumor displaying milder behavior and lower recurrence than solid variants. Although pediatric cases are uncommon (10–15%), UA is the predominant subtype in children. We report a 12-year-old female presenting with a painless right mandibular swelling of six months' duration. Radiographs revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucency with an "inverted-pear" appearance, tooth displacement, and cortical perforation. Treatment involved surgical enucleation, with healing augmented by platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and hydroxyapatite bone graft. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of UA. Follow-up at six and twelve months demonstrated satisfactory healing, excellent bone fill, and no recurrence. Because pediatric UA frequently mimics odontogenic cysts radiographically, CBCT and histopathology are essential for accurate diagnosis. This case supports conservative surgery with biologic grafting as an effective treatment for luminal variants in growing children.

Abstract: The paradigm shift in pediatric dentistry toward bioactive and immunomodulatory materials has driven the exploration of chitosan, a natural polysaccharide derived from chitin known for its biocompatibility, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and remineralization potential. This systematic review evaluates chitosan's clinical efficacy in caries prevention, vital pulp therapy, and restorative modification compared to gold standards. Electronic databases were searched (2000–2024) for studies involving primary or young permanent teeth. Results indicate strong clinical outcomes: chitosan achieved a 78% reduction in salivary S. mutans and 56.9% enamel microhardness recovery, significantly surpassing fluoride varnish (29.2%). Furthermore, pulpotomy success reached 96.6%, comparable to formocresol and superior to ferric sulfate, while sealants demonstrated 92.2% retention with reduced caries incidence (7.8% vs. 15.6%). Conclusively, chitosan offers a clinically viable, biologically superior alternative to traditional materials, providing enhanced antimicrobial protection and regenerative outcomes without the toxicity risks associated with aldehydes.

Abstract: Developments in artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies of late have made it possible to evaluate radiological images automatically. Quantifiable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis have been developed as a result. In this article, we address radiomics applications for the head and neck area. Treatment prescription, prognosis, classification, and molecular characterisation are given particular attention. We provide an overview of the basic technical concepts, the general concept and standard procedure of radiomic analysis, as well as the apparent current and future difficulties in routine medicine. Cancers of the head and neck pose special diagnostic and treatment difficulties. The complex structure and diversity of the region being studied are the causes of these difficulties. These obstacles may be overcome by radiomics. The characterization and differentiation of various tumours and cysts of the head and neck region is also facilitated by the incorporation of radiomics. The study of specific oncologic functions and outcomes must be the focus of future multidisciplinary research, which requires multi-institutional collaboration and external evaluation.

Abstract: Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal proliferative disorder of dendritic cells that predominantly affects children and commonly involves bone. Oral manifestations may be the first or only sign of disease and often resemble common inflammatory or traumatic lesions, leading to diagnostic delay. Case Report: A 3-year-old male child presented with a persistent ulcer on the lingual alveolar mucosa in relation to the lower left primary molars, associated with localized alveolar bone destruction on radiographic examination. Clinical suspicion of an underlying systemic pathology prompted histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, which confirmed the diagnosis of LCH. Multidisciplinary management was initiated, and the child was kept under regular follow-up. Conclusion: This case underlines the importance of recognizing atypical oral ulcers with underlying bone loss in children as potential manifestations of LCH and highlights the need for early diagnosis and long-term surveillance.

Abstract: Orofacial pain is among the most frequent reasons patients seek dental care, yet it remains one of the most diagnostically unsettling complaints for the general dental practitioner. While most facial pain encountered in practice is odontogenic, a substantial minority is not. The difficulty lies less in recognising rare conditions and more in knowing when pain ceases to behave like dental pain. This qualitative systematic review synthesises contemporary indexed literature on orofacial pain with an explicit clinical bias, aiming to translate classification systems and consensus guidelines into chair side reasoning pathways usable by general practitioners. Following a PROSPERO-style framework, forty six indexed articles were reviewed with attention to diagnostic cues, red flags, and common points of misdirection in routine dental care. The review integrates flowcharts, schematic figures, and pragmatic clinical examples, emphasising restraint, reversibility, and interdisciplinary awareness. Rather than proposing exhaustive algorithms, this paper argues for disciplined uncertainty as a legitimate and often safer clinical position in the management of orofacial pain.